Wednesday, 27 February 2013
BRAKE SYSTEM
Vehicle Braking System
Your car's braking system is vital to your family's safety. Most vehicles weight anywhere from one to two tons, some even more - once that tonnage is moving forward, it will take an equal amount of energy to stop it. Sticking your foot out like Fred Flintstone just won't get it.
The brake system delivers to the brake pads (either drum or disk) a measured amount of hydraulic force as to apply pressure to the brakes drum or rotor to slow the rotation of the tires; the more pressure applied, the more force that will be applied which will absorb the energy of the rotating tires. The energy. The energy is displaced as heat which is why it is important to ensure your brakes are well ventilated. As your brakes become worn, stopping distances only get further.
Your vehicle's braking system is made up of various parts such as the master cylinder, brake lines, brake pads, rotors, brake pedal, automatic hydraulic control system (if your car is equiped with anti-lock brakes (ABS)), and brake fluid.
Basic operation of your braking system; when you depress your brake pedal, your master cylinder will send brake fluid to your brake pads to pinch or depress on the rotors to slow, and eventually stop the wheels from turning (depending on the amount of force you place on the pedal). The ABS system (if installed) in the right conditions will pulse the brake fluid providing a safe moderated flow helping to ensure the brakes will not lock up which could cause an uncontrolled skid, and/or potentially hazardous slide.
Wednesday, 6 February 2013
Wozniak: 'I begged HP to make the Apple I. Five times they turned me down.'
Steve Jobs may have marketed Apple into the gazillion-dollar business it is. But another Steve launched the products on which Apple became a platinum-plated brand.
Apple, as we know it, emerged from the "hobbies" of a young Silicon Valley engineer named Steve Wozniak. If Jobs was the face of Apple, Wozniak — simply referred to as The Woz — was the brains.
In front of a packed ballroom at Georgia State University on Wednesday, Wozniak spoke about entrepreneurship, the future of technology, and the company that turned him into a geek prophet.
Wozniak has an engineer's sartorial style — he wore a black suit, over a black polo shirt, and blue Puma sneakers.
The way Wozniak tells it, Apple's seed was planted in a Hewlett-Packard cubicle.
While designing scientific calculators at HP during the day, Wozniak developed what would become the Apple I at night and on weekends — often in his HP cubicle.
Wozniak designed the hardware, circuit board designs, and operating system for the Apple I.
"I was such a nerd coming out of high school, that in those days I had little chance of having a girlfriend, or a wife,", Wozniak said. "So, when I finished designing calculators at HP in the daytime, I went home, watched Star Trek and then (worked on his computer projects.)"
The scrupulous and loyal Wozniak first took his "project" to his employer.
"I begged (HP) to make the (Apple I)," he said. "Five times they turned me down."
Instead, it was Jobs who recognized the potential in Wozniak's hobby.
"I constantly build things for the fun of it," Wozniak said. "Every great thing I built, I would have just given away, if I hadn't been talked into going into Apple."
Eaton Technologies Help Improve Performance and Efficiency on 8 of 10 Ward’s Best Engines Winners
Eaton Technologies Help Improve Performance and Efficiency on 8 of 10 Ward’s Best Engines Winners
Date: January 16, 2013
GALESBURG … Diversified industrial manufacturer Eaton today announced that its engine boosting, fuel- and emissions-saving technologies are on eight of the top ten engines chosen by WardsAuto at its 19th annual Ward’s 10 Best Engines competition. The winners were honored today during a ceremony held at the North American International Auto Show at the Marriott Renaissance Hotel in Detroit, Mich.
“We are very pleased to see our valued customers receiving this prestigious award and we are honored that our technologies have been able to contribute to their successes in advancing engine development,” said Staci Kroon, president – Automotive, North America Division. “Eaton technologies have contributed to winning engines since the inception of the Ward’s 10 Best Engines program nineteen years ago, and this year is especially satisfying with 80 percent of the winning engines containing Eaton content.”
The Eaton technologies that are part of the winning engines and the Eaton facilities that supply them include:
Superchargers – Eaton Twin Vortices Series™ (TVS):
Audi S5 – 3.0L TFSI V-6 (Tczew, Poland)
Ford Shelby GT 500 – 5.8L DOHC V-8 (Athens, Ga.)
Valves – High performance, super alloy and lightweight:
Audi S5 – 3.0L TFSI V-6 (Nordhausen, Germany)
BMW 135is – 3.0L N55 (Bosconero, Italy and Nordhausen Germany)
BMW 328i – 2.0LT (Bosconero, Italy and Nordhausen, Germany)
Cadillac ATS – 2.0T (Kearney, Neb.)
Ford Focus ST/Taurus – 2.0T (Ahmednagar, India)
Honda Accord – 3.5L SOHC V-6 (Westminster, SC – Joint Venture facility)
Honda Accord – 2.4L I-4 (Westminster, SC – Joint Venture facility)
“The continuing success we have in providing our customers with leading powertrain technologies could not happen without the hard work and dedication from our Vehicle Group employees in our facilities throughout the world,” added Kroon.
The Ward’s 10 Best Engines competition pits the latest engines available in the U.S. market against the returning winners from the previous year. To be eligible, an engine must be available on a production vehicle that is on sale within the first quarter of 2013 and with a base price of less than $55,000.
Eaton supplies the automotive industry with critical components that improve fuel economy, reduce emissions and enhance vehicle performance. Principal products include superchargers, engine valvetrain components, torque control products, fluid conveyance components, light-duty transmissions, fuel emission and powertrain controls.
Eaton is a diversified power management company providing energy-efficient solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power. The company is a global technology leader in electrical products, systems and services for power quality, distribution and control, power transmission, lighting and wiring products; hydraulics components, systems and services for industrial and mobile equipment; aerospace fuel, hydraulics and pneumatic systems for commercial and military use; and truck and automotive drivetrain and powertrain systems for performance, fuel economy and safety. Eaton acquired Cooper Industries plc in 2012. Eaton has approximately 100,000 employees and sells products to customers in more than 150 countries.
Eaton Technologies Help Improve Performance and Efficiency on 8 of 10 Ward’s Best Engines Winners
Date: January 16, 2013
GALESBURG … Diversified industrial manufacturer Eaton today announced that its engine boosting, fuel- and emissions-saving technologies are on eight of the top ten engines chosen by WardsAuto at its 19th annual Ward’s 10 Best Engines competition. The winners were honored today during a ceremony held at the North American International Auto Show at the Marriott Renaissance Hotel in Detroit, Mich.
“We are very pleased to see our valued customers receiving this prestigious award and we are honored that our technologies have been able to contribute to their successes in advancing engine development,” said Staci Kroon, president – Automotive, North America Division. “Eaton technologies have contributed to winning engines since the inception of the Ward’s 10 Best Engines program nineteen years ago, and this year is especially satisfying with 80 percent of the winning engines containing Eaton content.”
The Eaton technologies that are part of the winning engines and the Eaton facilities that supply them include:
Superchargers – Eaton Twin Vortices Series™ (TVS):
Audi S5 – 3.0L TFSI V-6 (Tczew, Poland)
Ford Shelby GT 500 – 5.8L DOHC V-8 (Athens, Ga.)
Valves – High performance, super alloy and lightweight:
Audi S5 – 3.0L TFSI V-6 (Nordhausen, Germany)
BMW 135is – 3.0L N55 (Bosconero, Italy and Nordhausen Germany)
BMW 328i – 2.0LT (Bosconero, Italy and Nordhausen, Germany)
Cadillac ATS – 2.0T (Kearney, Neb.)
Ford Focus ST/Taurus – 2.0T (Ahmednagar, India)
Honda Accord – 3.5L SOHC V-6 (Westminster, SC – Joint Venture facility)
Honda Accord – 2.4L I-4 (Westminster, SC – Joint Venture facility)
“The continuing success we have in providing our customers with leading powertrain technologies could not happen without the hard work and dedication from our Vehicle Group employees in our facilities throughout the world,” added Kroon.
The Ward’s 10 Best Engines competition pits the latest engines available in the U.S. market against the returning winners from the previous year. To be eligible, an engine must be available on a production vehicle that is on sale within the first quarter of 2013 and with a base price of less than $55,000.
Eaton supplies the automotive industry with critical components that improve fuel economy, reduce emissions and enhance vehicle performance. Principal products include superchargers, engine valvetrain components, torque control products, fluid conveyance components, light-duty transmissions, fuel emission and powertrain controls.
Eaton is a diversified power management company providing energy-efficient solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power. The company is a global technology leader in electrical products, systems and services for power quality, distribution and control, power transmission, lighting and wiring products; hydraulics components, systems and services for industrial and mobile equipment; aerospace fuel, hydraulics and pneumatic systems for commercial and military use; and truck and automotive drivetrain and powertrain systems for performance, fuel economy and safety. Eaton acquired Cooper Industries plc in 2012. Eaton has approximately 100,000 employees and sells products to customers in more than 150 countries.
Eaton Technologies Help Improve Performance and Efficiency on 8 of 10 Ward’s Best Engines Winners
Date: January 16, 2013
GALESBURG … Diversified industrial manufacturer Eaton today announced that its engine boosting, fuel- and emissions-saving technologies are on eight of the top ten engines chosen by WardsAuto at its 19th annual Ward’s 10 Best Engines competition. The winners were honored today during a ceremony held at the North American International Auto Show at the Marriott Renaissance Hotel in Detroit, Mich.
“We are very pleased to see our valued customers receiving this prestigious award and we are honored that our technologies have been able to contribute to their successes in advancing engine development,” said Staci Kroon, president – Automotive, North America Division. “Eaton technologies have contributed to winning engines since the inception of the Ward’s 10 Best Engines program nineteen years ago, and this year is especially satisfying with 80 percent of the winning engines containing Eaton content.”
The Eaton technologies that are part of the winning engines and the Eaton facilities that supply them include:
Superchargers – Eaton Twin Vortices Series™ (TVS):
Audi S5 – 3.0L TFSI V-6 (Tczew, Poland)
Ford Shelby GT 500 – 5.8L DOHC V-8 (Athens, Ga.)
Valves – High performance, super alloy and lightweight:
Audi S5 – 3.0L TFSI V-6 (Nordhausen, Germany)
BMW 135is – 3.0L N55 (Bosconero, Italy and Nordhausen Germany)
BMW 328i – 2.0LT (Bosconero, Italy and Nordhausen, Germany)
Cadillac ATS – 2.0T (Kearney, Neb.)
Ford Focus ST/Taurus – 2.0T (Ahmednagar, India)
Honda Accord – 3.5L SOHC V-6 (Westminster, SC – Joint Venture facility)
Honda Accord – 2.4L I-4 (Westminster, SC – Joint Venture facility)
“The continuing success we have in providing our customers with leading powertrain technologies could not happen without the hard work and dedication from our Vehicle Group employees in our facilities throughout the world,” added Kroon.
The Ward’s 10 Best Engines competition pits the latest engines available in the U.S. market against the returning winners from the previous year. To be eligible, an engine must be available on a production vehicle that is on sale within the first quarter of 2013 and with a base price of less than $55,000.
Eaton supplies the automotive industry with critical components that improve fuel economy, reduce emissions and enhance vehicle performance. Principal products include superchargers, engine valvetrain components, torque control products, fluid conveyance components, light-duty transmissions, fuel emission and powertrain controls.
Eaton is a diversified power management company providing energy-efficient solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power. The company is a global technology leader in electrical products, systems and services for power quality, distribution and control, power transmission, lighting and wiring products; hydraulics components, systems and services for industrial and mobile equipment; aerospace fuel, hydraulics and pneumatic systems for commercial and military use; and truck and automotive drivetrain and powertrain systems for performance, fuel economy and safety. Eaton acquired Cooper Industries plc in 2012. Eaton has approximately 100,000 employees and sells products to customers in more than 150 countries.
Eaton Technologies Help Improve Performance and Efficiency on 8 of 10 Ward’s Best Engines Winners
Date: January 16, 2013
GALESBURG … Diversified industrial manufacturer Eaton today announced that its engine boosting, fuel- and emissions-saving technologies are on eight of the top ten engines chosen by WardsAuto at its 19th annual Ward’s 10 Best Engines competition. The winners were honored today during a ceremony held at the North American International Auto Show at the Marriott Renaissance Hotel in Detroit, Mich.
“We are very pleased to see our valued customers receiving this prestigious award and we are honored that our technologies have been able to contribute to their successes in advancing engine development,” said Staci Kroon, president – Automotive, North America Division. “Eaton technologies have contributed to winning engines since the inception of the Ward’s 10 Best Engines program nineteen years ago, and this year is especially satisfying with 80 percent of the winning engines containing Eaton content.”
The Eaton technologies that are part of the winning engines and the Eaton facilities that supply them include:
Superchargers – Eaton Twin Vortices Series™ (TVS):
Audi S5 – 3.0L TFSI V-6 (Tczew, Poland)
Ford Shelby GT 500 – 5.8L DOHC V-8 (Athens, Ga.)
Valves – High performance, super alloy and lightweight:
Audi S5 – 3.0L TFSI V-6 (Nordhausen, Germany)
BMW 135is – 3.0L N55 (Bosconero, Italy and Nordhausen Germany)
BMW 328i – 2.0LT (Bosconero, Italy and Nordhausen, Germany)
Cadillac ATS – 2.0T (Kearney, Neb.)
Ford Focus ST/Taurus – 2.0T (Ahmednagar, India)
Honda Accord – 3.5L SOHC V-6 (Westminster, SC – Joint Venture facility)
Honda Accord – 2.4L I-4 (Westminster, SC – Joint Venture facility)
“The continuing success we have in providing our customers with leading powertrain technologies could not happen without the hard work and dedication from our Vehicle Group employees in our facilities throughout the world,” added Kroon.
The Ward’s 10 Best Engines competition pits the latest engines available in the U.S. market against the returning winners from the previous year. To be eligible, an engine must be available on a production vehicle that is on sale within the first quarter of 2013 and with a base price of less than $55,000.
Eaton supplies the automotive industry with critical components that improve fuel economy, reduce emissions and enhance vehicle performance. Principal products include superchargers, engine valvetrain components, torque control products, fluid conveyance components, light-duty transmissions, fuel emission and powertrain controls.
Eaton is a diversified power management company providing energy-efficient solutions that help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power. The company is a global technology leader in electrical products, systems and services for power quality, distribution and control, power transmission, lighting and wiring products; hydraulics components, systems and services for industrial and mobile equipment; aerospace fuel, hydraulics and pneumatic systems for commercial and military use; and truck and automotive drivetrain and powertrain systems for performance, fuel economy and safety. Eaton acquired Cooper Industries plc in 2012. Eaton has approximately 100,000 employees and sells products to customers in more than 150 countries.
Friday, 1 February 2013
Formula 1 - Di Resta flies solo at Force India car launch
Ferrari has presented its new F138, the car with which the Italian squad hopes to return to championship glory in the 2013 Formula One season - and the company's chief admits that the company's vanity has forced them to make it better looking than last year's unloved model.
Already the critics have been praising the stunning lines of the new creation - in stark contrast to the outrage that greeted the car dubbed the "ugliest Ferrari ever" last season.
The car, whose name is a combination of the current year and a tribute to the V8 engines that will be used for the last time this season, is the 59th grand prix single-seater produced by the Maranello-based squad.
The F138 has been developed in the Toyota windtunnel in Cologne following Ferrari's decision to shut down its own unit in order to upgrade it.
Ferrari is seeking to hit the ground running with its new car after a dismal performance by its predecessor when it made its testing debut last year.
Despite that, the historic Italian outfit managed to stay in the championship fight until the end of the year, with Spaniard Fernando Alonso losing out to Red Bull rival Sebastian Vettel in the final race of the season in Brazil.
"The key objective that we must have is of immediately delivering a competitive car to our drivers," team boss Stefano Domenicali acknowledged.
"Unfortunately in recent years we have at the beginning of the winter unfortunately not been able to be right on top of what we are doing.
"We have tried to look at our organisation to be much more effective in the preparations over the coming week."
Domenicali described some of the changes from the 2012 car as "extreme", and Alonso added that it would be impossible to judge the team's hopes for this year until the car hits the track in testing.
"The difference at the front is just tenths," said Alonso, "tenths you cannot see by looking at the car.
"Sometimes you don't know why a particular car holds sway. We need to get on track and really see how competitive it is."
Domenicali also pointed out that the decision to cover up the step in the car's nose with a new-for-2013 'vanity panel' was for performance reasons.
"We wanted to go in that direction because the whole project is to improve performance in that area," he said. "And it is more beautiful!"
Two-time world champion Alonso will be partnered by Felipe Massa again this year after the Brazilian secured a one-year contract extension thanks to his resurgence in the second half of the season.
Massa will be tasked with driving the F138 for the first time next Tuesday at Jerez.
Reuters / Eurosport
Formula 1 - Di Resta flies solo at Force India car launch
Germany's Adrian Sutil, a former Force India driver, and Ferrari-backed Frenchman Jules Bianchi, last year's reserve, have both been linked to the vacant seat but the team were in no rush to make a decision.
"Paul's here," grinned deputy team principal Bob Fernley, representing the absent aviation and liquor baron Vijay Mallya who co-owns and runs the team, when asked what the situation was with the drivers.
"The shareholders will make their decision in due course. We know who is on the short list. We are trying to put together the programmes that are going to really take the team through a longer period than just one year," he added.
"We need to be very careful where we are going and the shareholders will take as long as necessary. I suspect that we will probably announce the two remaining drivers (race and reserve)...before Barcelona".
The first of three pre-season tests is in Jerez next week with the second in Barcelona from February 19. The season starts in Australia on March 17.
Di Resta, who will have his third different team-mate in three seasons after partnering Sutil and then Nico Hulkenberg, will do most of the Jerez testing with Britain's James Rossiter having some time in the car to provide a benchmark for the simulator work he will be doing.
The choice of second driver ultimately is likely to favour whoever can bring most sponsorship, or other forms of backing, with them.
In the absence of news, the car was the star - with the black cover coming off the VJM06 on a cold and damp morning before the Mercedes-powered car was wheeled out of the garage to be fired up for the first laps by any team this year.
It immediately stood out for its 'nose job' - a 'modesty panel' turning what was a stepped nose last season into a smooth and flowing front end.
Lotus, the first of the teams to show off their new car on Monday, eschewed such cosmetic surgery on the grounds that it was only added weight but Force India technical director Andrew Green said it was there for performance as well as aesthetics.
"Our's is purely performance driven and really the performance is not on the top of the chassis, it's what you can do underneath," said technical director Andrew Green.
"And by pushing the chassis to its limits it allows us to get the aerodynamic performance. Putting the panel on top cleans up the flow over the top of the chassis. It's a small thing but to us it's important."
Green said the car was new from the ground up, even if an evolution of the one that took the team to seventh place overall last season, with a lot of tweaks to the suspension. Di Resta said it looked sharp and felt fine on the shakedown laps.
"It's cold," the Scot declared after the first run. "But I'm very comfortable in the car.
Flying solo at the team, he said, also had its benefits.
"I'm quite enjoying the attention," said Di Resta, who will be one of four Britons on the grid this season now that rookie Max Chilton has joined Marussia.
"It's a strange feeling obviously not to have a second driver and a reserve around but it's not hampering my preparations in any way."
Ferrari puts faith in beauty with stunning F1 car for 2013 season
By Eurosport | World of Sport – 5 hours ago
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Ferrari has presented its new F138, the car with which the Italian squad hopes to return to championship glory in the 2013 Formula One season - and the company's chief admits that the company's vanity has forced them to make it better looking than last year's unloved model.
Already the critics have been praising the stunning lines of the new creation - in stark contrast to the outrage that greeted the car dubbed the "ugliest Ferrari ever" last season.
The car, whose name is a combination of the current year and a tribute to the V8 engines that will be used for the last time this season, is the 59th grand prix single-seater produced by the Maranello-based squad.
The F138 has been developed in the Toyota windtunnel in Cologne following Ferrari's decision to shut down its own unit in order to upgrade it.
Ferrari is seeking to hit the ground running with its new car after a dismal performance by its predecessor when it made its testing debut last year.
Despite that, the historic Italian outfit managed to stay in the championship fight until the end of the year, with Spaniard Fernando Alonso losing out to Red Bull rival Sebastian Vettel in the final race of the season in Brazil.
"The key objective that we must have is of immediately delivering a competitive car to our drivers," team boss Stefano Domenicali acknowledged.
"Unfortunately in recent years we have at the beginning of the winter unfortunately not been able to be right on top of what we are doing.
"We have tried to look at our organisation to be much more effective in the preparations over the coming week."
Domenicali described some of the changes from the 2012 car as "extreme", and Alonso added that it would be impossible to judge the team's hopes for this year until the car hits the track in testing.
"The difference at the front is just tenths," said Alonso, "tenths you cannot see by looking at the car.
"Sometimes you don't know why a particular car holds sway. We need to get on track and really see how competitive it is."
Domenicali also pointed out that the decision to cover up the step in the car's nose with a new-for-2013 'vanity panel' was for performance reasons.
"We wanted to go in that direction because the whole project is to improve performance in that area," he said. "And it is more beautiful!"
Two-time world champion Alonso will be partnered by Felipe Massa again this year after the Brazilian secured a one-year contract extension thanks to his resurgence in the second half of the season.
Massa will be tasked with driving the F138 for the first time next Tuesday at Jerez.
Reuters / Eurosport
Ferrari puts faith in beauty with stunning F1 car for 2013 season By Eurosport |
Ferrari has presented its new F138, the car with which the Italian squad hopes to return to championship glory in the 2013 Formula One season - and the company's chief admits that the company's vanity has forced them to make it better looking than last year's unloved model.
Already the critics have been praising the stunning lines of the new creation - in stark contrast to the outrage that greeted the car dubbed the "ugliest Ferrari ever" last season.
The car, whose name is a combination of the current year and a tribute to the V8 engines that will be used for the last time this season, is the 59th grand prix single-seater produced by the Maranello-based squad.
The F138 has been developed in the Toyota windtunnel in Cologne following Ferrari's decision to shut down its own unit in order to upgrade it.
Ferrari is seeking to hit the ground running with its new car after a dismal performance by its predecessor when it made its testing debut last year.
Despite that, the historic Italian outfit managed to stay in the championship fight until the end of the year, with Spaniard Fernando Alonso losing out to Red Bull rival Sebastian Vettel in the final race of the season in Brazil.
"The key objective that we must have is of immediately delivering a competitive car to our drivers," team boss Stefano Domenicali acknowledged.
"Unfortunately in recent years we have at the beginning of the winter unfortunately not been able to be right on top of what we are doing.
"We have tried to look at our organisation to be much more effective in the preparations over the coming week."
Domenicali described some of the changes from the 2012 car as "extreme", and Alonso added that it would be impossible to judge the team's hopes for this year until the car hits the track in testing.
"The difference at the front is just tenths," said Alonso, "tenths you cannot see by looking at the car.
"Sometimes you don't know why a particular car holds sway. We need to get on track and really see how competitive it is."
Domenicali also pointed out that the decision to cover up the step in the car's nose with a new-for-2013 'vanity panel' was for performance reasons.
"We wanted to go in that direction because the whole project is to improve performance in that area," he said. "And it is more beautiful!"
Two-time world champion Alonso will be partnered by Felipe Massa again this year after the Brazilian secured a one-year contract extension thanks to his resurgence in the second half of the season.
Massa will be tasked with driving the F138 for the first time next Tuesday at Jerez.
Reuters / Eurosport
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